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20 MAY NEWSPAPER NOTES

R2R - GUIDING SSB ASPIRANTS LIKE AN ELDER SIBLING

Tue May 20, 2025

NEWSPAPER NOTES

R2R SSB BATCHES START EVERY 1ST & 15TH of month. 

Referred articles were published in The Hindu.

1. Understanding India's Relationship with Turkey and Azerbaijan

Background:

  • The article analyzes India's complex and evolving relationships with Turkey and Azerbaijan, two nations with differing geopolitical alignments and interests.
  • It notes the historical context of these relationships and the recent shifts in their dynamics.
  • The article highlights the contrasting positions taken by Turkey and Azerbaijan on the Kashmir issue, a sensitive matter for India.
The situation now:
  • India's relations with Turkey have reportedly been strained due to Turkey's increasingly vocal support for Pakistan on the Kashmir issue and its criticism of India's policies.
  • Despite this, trade and commercial engagement between India and Turkey have continued, although India has expressed concerns about the imbalance.
  • India maintains a generally positive relationship with Azerbaijan, which has historically supported India's stance on Kashmir.
  • Bilateral trade and cooperation, particularly in the energy and infrastructure sectors, have been growing between India and Azerbaijan.
  • The article presents data illustrating the trends in India's arms exports to Turkey and arms imports from Turkey and Azerbaijan.
  • It also shows data on India's trade volume with these countries and the number of tourists traveling between them.
  • These statistics provide a quantitative perspective on the economic and people-to-people linkages.
  • Recent geopolitical developments, including conflicts in the South Caucasus region involving Azerbaijan and Armenia, are also relevant to understanding India's relationship with Azerbaijan.
Way forward:
  • India faces the challenge of balancing its economic interests with its strategic and political considerations in its engagement with Turkey and Azerbaijan.
  • While trade and commercial ties may continue, the divergence in their positions on key strategic issues like Kashmir is likely to remain a point of friction in India-Turkey relations.
  • India will likely continue to strengthen its relationship with Azerbaijan, given its supportive stance on Kashmir and growing economic cooperation.
  • Monitoring regional geopolitical developments and their potential impact on these bilateral relationships will be crucial for India's foreign policy.
  • India may need to adopt a nuanced approach, engaging with both countries while clearly articulating its own strategic interests and concerns.
  • The future trajectory of these relationships will depend on various factors, including regional power dynamics and the evolving foreign policy priorities of India, Turkey, and Azerbaijan.
Possible Pull Quotes (based on common journalistic practice of highlighting key, impactful statements and observations from the charts):
  • "Data suggests that even if an official trade ban is issued, India still has significant leverage to arm Turkey and Azerbaijan." (This summarizes a key finding from the arms trade charts).
  • "Last week, some Indian trade bodies passed resolutions to boycott all Indian trade and commercial engagement with Turkey and Azerbaijan." (This highlights a recent development in response to the strained relations).
  • "India's total crude imports has remained consistent at around 1% each over the past few years from Turkey and Azerbaijan." (This points to the stability of a key trade component).
  • "In 2023, Indians made up less than 6% of the tourists visiting Turkey." (This illustrates the relatively small scale of Indian tourism to Turkey).
  • "The number of Indian students pursuing higher education in Turkey and Azerbaijan has also increased in recent years." (This highlights a growing people-to-people connection in the education sector).


2. Combating Obesity Among Adolescents: A Multi-Stakeholder Imperative

Background:

  • The article addresses the growing public health concern of adolescent obesity in India.
  • It highlights the long-term health consequences associated with childhood obesity, including chronic diseases and reduced quality of life.
  • The author emphasizes the need for a multi-faceted approach involving families, schools, communities, and policymakers to tackle this issue effectively.
The situation now:
  • The article notes the increasing availability and aggressive marketing of unhealthy, processed foods, often targeting adolescents.
  • Sedentary lifestyles, driven by increased screen time and reduced physical activity, are also contributing factors.
  • The role of social media and digital platforms in shaping unhealthy eating habits is highlighted.
  • The article points out that children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds may have limited access to nutritious food options.
  • It emphasizes the need for comprehensive interventions that address both dietary and physical activity behaviors.
  • The importance of creating supportive environments that promote healthy choices in schools and communities is underscored.
Way forward:
  • The article calls for a collaborative effort involving parents, educators, healthcare professionals, food industries, and government bodies to combat adolescent obesity.
  • Implementing mandatory front-of-pack labeling on food products to provide clear nutritional information is recommended.
  • Stricter regulations on the marketing of unhealthy foods, particularly targeting children on digital platforms, are advocated.
  • Schools are identified as crucial settings for promoting nutrition education and physical activity.
  • Empowering children and adolescents with the knowledge and skills to make informed food choices is essential.
  • Addressing the social and economic determinants of unhealthy eating, particularly among vulnerable populations, is highlighted.
  • The article emphasizes the need for a unified and comprehensive national strategy that integrates various sectors and stakeholders to create a healthier food environment and promote active lifestyles among adolescents.
  • Regular monitoring and evaluation of interventions are necessary to ensure their effectiveness in curbing the rising rates of adolescent obesity.


3. Old and Unsafe: Cities Must Prioritize Fire Safety Audits for Their Aging Buildings

Background:

  • The article highlights the inherent fire risks present in the older, densely populated neighborhoods of India's major cities.
  • These areas, characterized by a mix of residences, tradition, commerce, and often narrow lanes, were largely built before modern fire safety regulations were in place.
  • The close proximity of buildings and the lack of adequate fire safety measures make these neighborhoods particularly vulnerable to devastating fires.
The situation now:
  • The article uses the tragic fire at Gulzar House in Hyderabad, which resulted in the deaths of eight people, as a stark example of the dangers posed by these aging structures.
  • Gulzar House, a multi-story building housing both residences and shops, lacked proper fire safety provisions and had a single, narrow staircase that became a death trap.
  • The fire spread rapidly, and the thick smoke obscured the limited escape route, leading to fatalities within minutes.
  • The article emphasizes that Gulzar House is not an isolated case but is representative of countless similar buildings across India's urban centers.
  • Fire safety audits are deemed essential for identifying the specific vulnerabilities and deficiencies in these older structures.
  • However, the sheer number of such buildings makes conducting comprehensive audits a monumental task.
  • Factors like increased electrical load due to air conditioners and multi-fold wiring further exacerbate the fire risks in these areas.
Way forward:
  • The article strongly advocates for mandatory and comprehensive fire safety audits for all old and potentially unsafe buildings in India's cities.
  • These audits should not only identify deficiencies but also provide clear and actionable recommendations for improvement.
  • Engaging local communities in creating awareness about fire safety and promoting preventative measures is crucial.
  • City planners need to prioritize the creation of more accessible escape routes and exit points in these densely built-up areas.
  • Training residents and local shopkeepers in basic fire safety measures and evacuation procedures is essential.
  • Policy and government intervention are necessary to mandate fire safety upgrades in older buildings and provide support for their implementation.
  • Community-led initiatives and volunteer fire safety champions can play a significant role in ensuring fire safety at the neighborhood level.
  • A multi-pronged approach involving rigorous audits, community engagement, infrastructure improvements, and policy enforcement is vital to prevent future fire tragedies in India's aging urban landscape.


4. Getting the 'Micro-Picture' at the Panchayat Level
Background:
  • The article discusses the challenges and importance of collecting reliable and timely data at the grassroots level, particularly at the Panchayat (local self-governance) level in India.
  • It highlights the current reliance on macro-level data and the limitations it poses for effective planning and policy implementation at the local level.
  • The need for a more granular, "micro-picture" of development indicators and citizen needs at the Panchayat level is emphasized.
The situation now:
  • Evidence-based decision-making is often hampered by the lack of accurate and timely data at the Panchayat level.
  • Existing data collection efforts face obstacles such as survey delays, data gaps, and difficulties in accessing available information.
  • Government portals and data sharing initiatives, while intended to improve accessibility, are often under-developed or difficult for the public and local officials to utilize effectively.
  • Researchers and citizens often struggle to find data in a user-friendly and comprehensible format.
  • The article points to the potential of the Baseline Data Repository (BDR) prepared by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj as a significant step towards addressing this data gap.
  • The BDR for 2022-23, released in April 2024, compiles data on various indicators aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the Panchayat level.
  • This includes data on local indicators across nine themes and information validated from over 2.16 lakh gram panchayats.
  • The BDR aims to provide a composite index for localizing the SDGs and enabling better-informed decision-making.
  • However, the article notes inconsistencies and data gaps within the BDR itself, with a significant portion of data being either not available or flagged as needing validation.
  • Despite these challenges, the BDR is seen as a potentially valuable resource for Members of Parliament and Legislative Assemblies to understand the development status at the grassroots.
Way forward:
  • There is an urgent need to provide training and support to block and district level data analysts to effectively prepare and regularly report Panchayat-level data.
  • The Union and State governments need to play a stronger role in ensuring the quality, reliability, and timeliness of Panchayat-level data.
  • A standardized format for data visualization and reporting at the local level is crucial for better understanding and utilization.
  • Panchayat-level data should be followed by regular publications and analysis at higher administrative levels.
  • Greater emphasis should be placed on building the capacity of local officials and elected representatives to understand and use data for planning and monitoring development initiatives.
  • Citizen engagement and feedback mechanisms should be integrated into the data collection and utilization processes.
  • The success of initiatives like the BDR depends on addressing the existing data gaps and ensuring the accuracy and accessibility of information at the grassroots level.
  • Ultimately, obtaining a reliable "micro-picture" at the Panchayat level is essential for achieving truly inclusive and sustainable development aligned with the SDGs.


5. Thought Police: A Professor's Arrest Highlights Misuse of Law Against Dissent
Background:
  • The article discusses the arrest of a professor, Ali Khan Mahmudabad, following social media posts related to India's "Operation Sindoor."
  • The arrest and the charges levied against the professor raise concerns about the suppression of dissent and the misuse of legal provisions.
  • The article highlights the professor's academic background and his critical analysis of the government's strategic communication regarding the military operation.
The situation now:
  • The professor was arrested based on First Information Reports (FIRs) registered against his social media posts in Haryana.
  • The article notes that the professor's analysis of "Operation Sindoor" suggested it aimed to hide the military's failure to prevent cross-border terrorism.
  • The professor also criticized the portrayal of Muslim military officers in India's press briefings, contrasting it with the communal reality for Muslims in many parts of India.
  • The article highlights the professor's condemnation of violence while advocating for patience and restraint, drawing on global and Islamic perspectives on conflict.
  • The professor's posts also reportedly called for an understanding of India's focus on targeting terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan.
  • The professor's arrest followed complaints filed by BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party) officials, alleging that his posts were "patently false" and attributed malicious intent to the Indian government.
  • The article expresses alarm that the Haryana Police acted on these complaints without properly understanding the context and intent of the professor's posts.
  • Concerns are raised that the charges against the professor, including endangering the country's sovereignty and integrity, and sedition, are being used to stifle legitimate dissent.
  • The article points to a worrying trend of using sedition laws against critics of the government and its policies in India.
  • The professor's arrest is seen as a reflection of a "worsening state" where critical understanding and academic reflections on government policies are being criminalized.
Way forward:
  • The article emphasizes the importance of the Supreme Court's intervention in the professor's case.
  • It hopes that the court will recognize the need to protect freedom of expression, especially for academics and intellectuals.
  • The article stresses the need for law enforcement agencies to exercise caution and demonstrate a better understanding of free speech principles.
  • It calls for a more judicious application of serious charges like sedition, ensuring they are not used to silence dissent on frivolous grounds.
  • The article underscores the importance of creating an environment where critical thinking and constructive criticism of government policies are not stifled by fear of legal repercussions.
  • It suggests that a healthy democracy requires space for diverse opinions and the freedom to express them without the threat of arrest and prosecution.
  • The outcome of this case could have significant implications for the state of academic freedom and the right to dissent in India.


6. In the Wake of Crisis, the Need for Bipartisanism
Background:
  • The article reflects on the recent terrorist attack in Pahalgaon, highlighting the grief and anger across the nation.
  • It emphasizes the importance of a united national response to terrorism, transcending political divides.
  • The author argues that a strong and cohesive domestic stance is crucial for effective foreign policy and international engagement.
The situation now:
  • The article observes a disturbing trend of political polarization and blame-shifting in the aftermath of the terrorist attack.
  • It criticizes the lack of a unified national voice, which can undermine the country's ability to respond decisively and strategically.
  • The author notes that in the face of global terrorism, a divided domestic front weakens a nation's standing and its capacity to act effectively on the international stage.
  • Recent global history, including responses to terrorist incidents in other nations, underscores the importance of bipartisan unity.
  • The article highlights instances where political differences have hampered a cohesive national security policy.
  • It emphasizes that a united political front sends a strong message to adversaries and strengthens international partnerships.
Way forward:
  • The article strongly advocates for bipartisan cooperation and a unified national strategy in the fight against terrorism.
  • It calls on political leaders to rise above partisan politics and prioritize national security.
  • The author stresses the need for a cohesive and long-term strategy that is supported across the political spectrum.
  • This unified approach should guide diplomatic efforts, security measures, and public communication.
  • The article suggests that national interest and the safety of citizens should be the paramount considerations, overriding political differences.
  • A united front will not only strengthen the domestic resolve but also enhance India's credibility and influence in the international arena.
  • The author concludes by emphasizing that in times of crisis, bipartisanship is not merely desirable but essential for a nation's strength and resilience.



NEWS IN SHORTS

  • Pak. had not resorted to nuclear signalling: Centre: The Indian government, represented by a parliamentary panel informed by the Foreign Secretary, has stated that Pakistan did not resort to "nuclear signalling" during the recent escalation of tensions. The government also assured the panel that it was "neither involved nor informed" about the cessation of firing between the two countries initially reported by Pakistan.
  • Trump calls Putin, says truce talks will begin 'immediately': Former US President Donald Trump announced that Russia and Ukraine would "immediately" begin ceasefire negotiations after what he described as an "excellent" call with Russian President Vladimir Putin. He also spoke with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, expressing hope for a ceasefire.
  • Farmers will get due share of water from Indus river, Chouhan assures farm outfits: Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan assured farmer organizations that India will ensure farmers receive their due share of water from the Indus River, stating that the decision to annul the Indus Waters Treaty corrected a historic injustice to India.
  • New solar scheme to benefit tribal farmers of Telangana, says CM: Telangana Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy launched the 'Indira Saurya Giri Jala Vikasam' scheme to provide solar pumpsets to eligible Scheduled Tribe farmers in the Achampet constituency, aiming to empower tribal communities by providing irrigation facilities and reducing their reliance on traditional power sources.
  • Odisha to identify 'illegal' Bangladeshis in State, disengage them from jobs: The Odisha government has announced a plan to identify individuals from Bangladesh who are staying illegally in the state and to ensure they are not engaged in any outsourcing companies, with an initial focus on the six coastal districts accessible to Bangladeshis through the sea route.
  • No advance notice from India on closure of land ports for our exports: Bangladesh official: A top Bangladeshi official stated that Bangladesh did not receive any official-level intimation from India before the shutdown of land ports for Bangladeshi exports, leading to inconvenience for traders as their goods are stuck on the border. The move is perceived as a reciprocal measure following Bangladesh's actions towards Indian trucks.
  • Do not bring 'local politics' into India's global efforts: Pawar: Nationalist Congress Party (SP) chief Sharad Pawar urged all politicians in Maharashtra to refrain from mixing "local politics" with India's global diplomatic efforts, particularly in the context of delegations sent to various countries to present India's case on issues like Operation Sindoor and the Pahalgam terror attack.
  • Pakistan's attacks targeting Golden Temple were thwarted: Army official: The Indian Army stated that Pakistan attempted to target the Golden Temple (Harmandar Sahib) in Amritsar with drones and missiles during the night of May 7-8, following India's action, but these attacks were successfully thwarted. The Army emphasized that Pakistan has no legitimate targets to strike inside India.
  • Amit Shah launches e-Zero FIR initiative: Union Home Minister Amit Shah launched the e-Zero FIR initiative by the Indian Cybercrime Coordination Centre (I4C) in Delhi. This new system allows victims of financial cybercrime with losses under ₹10 lakh to automatically convert their online complaints into First Information Reports (FIRs), aiming for swifter action against cybercriminals.
  • U.K., EU announce a new phase in their relations at summit: The United Kingdom and the European Union have announced a new phase in their relationship following a summit, agreeing to greater alignment on trade, defence, and mobility, marking a shift after years of post-Brexit tensions.
  • As WHO warns of starvation, Israel vows to take over Gaza: The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a stark warning about the dire humanitarian situation in besieged Gaza, stating that two million people are starving. Simultaneously, Israel has announced it will take "full control" of the entire Gaza Strip following intensified military operations where rescuers reported over 50 people killed in recent strikes.
  • Israel allows baby food into Gaza, in a first since March: In a separate development, Israel has reportedly allowed the entry of baby food into Gaza for the first time since the Israeli government announced the partial lifting of a two-month blockade in March. This move comes amidst mounting international pressure to ease the humanitarian crisis in the territory.

News in Numbers

  • 6.98 lakh: Olive Ridley turtles protected under 'Operation Olivia' annually from November to May along the Odisha coast.
  • ₹32 lakh: Fine collected by the Eastern Railway from people spitting in railway stations between January to March 2025.
  • 10,336: Number of child laborers identified in Uttar Pradesh between 2017-25 as part of a state-wide campaign to eradicate child labor.
  • At least 20,000: People who have fled the Marte town in Nigeria following increasing attacks by Islamist militants.
  • 4: Number of persons killed in a Balochistan bomb blast near a market, with 20 others injured.

Sachin Jangir

AIR 128 - NDA 152

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