India and the Maldives share deep-rooted ethnic, linguistic, and cultural ties. Diplomatic relations began post-Maldives' independence in 1965. The Maldives' proximity to India's west coast and its location on key maritime trade routes highlight its strategic importance.

India's “Neighbourhood First” policy prioritizes relations with the Maldives, aiming to foster regional security and prosperity through initiatives like the SAGAR vision (Security and Growth for All in the Region). Mutual trust has strengthened over decades through India’s timely assistance during crises such as the 1988 coup attempt, the 2004 tsunami, and the 2014 Malé water crisis.

- High-Level Engagements: Regular exchanges at various levels have strengthened ties. Leaders have signed agreements on defense, infrastructure, and economic cooperation.

- Economic Support: India has provided over $1 billion in financial aid, including grants and Lines of Credit (LoC) for projects like water supply, housing, and airport redevelopment.

- Defense and Security: Cooperation spans training, joint exercises, and equipment support, with major projects like the Composite Training Centre and Coastal Radar System.

- Capacity Building: India supports education, healthcare, and vocational training for Maldivians, with initiatives like scholarships, teacher exchanges, and institutional partnerships.

- Trade and Tourism: Bilateral trade exceeded $500 million in 2023, with India emerging as the Maldives' top trading partner. Indian tourists consistently rank as the largest group visiting the Maldives.

- Diplomatic Strains (2024): In January 2024, relations were strained due to derogatory remarks made by Maldivian cabinet ministers about Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. This led to public outcry in India, with calls to boycott Maldivian tourism. The Maldives government responded by suspending the ministers involved and reaffirming its commitment to strong bilateral ties.

- Economic Challenges: The Maldives faced a financial crisis in 2024, with dwindling foreign exchange reserves and increasing debt, raising concerns about a potential default.

- Renewed Economic Support: To stabilize relations and support the Maldivian economy, India extended a $100 million treasury bills rollover and signed a $400 million currency swap agreement. Additionally, both nations inaugurated infrastructure projects, including a new runway at Hanimaadhoo International Airport, signaling strengthened cooperation.

- Geopolitical Dynamics: The election of President Mohamed Muizzu, known for his pro-China stance, introduced complexities in India-Maldives relations. However, subsequent engagements indicate efforts to balance relations with both India and China.

1. Geographic Importance: Located at the intersection of key Indian Ocean trade routes, the Maldives is crucial for global maritime traffic and regional stability.

2. Maritime Security: Collaborations in anti-piracy, counter-terrorism, and joint naval exercises like “Dosti” strengthen Indian Ocean Region (IOR) security.

3. SAGAR Vision: As part of India’s SAGAR initiative, the Maldives plays a key role in promoting regional security and economic growth.

4. Defense Partnership: India supports Maldivian defense capabilities through training, equipment, and infrastructure like the Coastal Radar System and MNDF harbor.

5. Geopolitical Balance: Strengthened ties with the Maldives help India counter external influences, especially China’s expanding presence in the region.

- Geopolitical Competition: The Maldives' growing relations with China, including Chinese-funded infrastructure projects, have raised concerns in India about potential debt-trap diplomacy and reduced Indian influence.

- Political Instability: Domestic political changes in the Maldives often influence its foreign policy. Governments favoring closer ties with China or other nations sometimes disrupt India-Maldives relations.

- Public Perception: Sections of the Maldivian population occasionally view India's presence as overbearing, leading to anti-India campaigns and sentiments. These perceptions must be carefully managed to sustain mutual trust.

India-Maldives relations exemplify mutual respect and collaboration, showcasing India's commitment to regional stability and growth through shared development priorities. Addressing challenges and leveraging strategic opportunities will ensure this partnership continues to thrive in the face of evolving global dynamics.